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作者：Eureka
內容：gazump & gazunder
gazump 和 gazunder （包括它們各自的動名詞gazumping和gazundering）是英國英語中一對押頭韻的口語詞彙，它們表示不動產買賣法律關係中兩種對立的情況。
gazump [ɡəˈzʌmp] v.t. [usually passive] [British, informal] If you are gazumped by someone, they agree to sell their house to you, but then sell it to someone else who offers to pay a higher price.
https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/gazump
gazunder [ɡəˈzʌndə] v.t. [usually passive] [British, informal] to reduce an offer on a property immediately before exchanging contracts, having previously agreed a higher price with (the seller)
https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/gazunder
gazumping和gazundering在英格蘭和威爾士並非違法行為。前者通常表現為賣方在接受買方的要約以後提高屋宇售價。後者通常表現為買方在買賣雙方交換合同之前降低屋宇報價。
參見：
Is gazumping legal?
Unfortunately it is.
https://hoa.org.uk/advice/guides-for-homeowners/i-am-buying/what-is-gazumping-how-avoid-it/
Is gazundering legal?
Sadly, yes. There’s nothing stopping a buyer from dropping their offer before contracts are exchanged.
https://hoa.org.uk/advice/guides-for-homeowners/i-am-selling/what-is-gazundering-how-avoid-it/
鑒於它們目前不構成違法行為，譯成“毀約抬價/毀約壓價”似乎不妥，因為“毀約”在法律語境中具有應當承擔違約責任的意思，而且根據英國的法律制度，賣方作出gazumping行為/買方作出gazundering行為的時候，合同尚未生效，不存在“毀約”。考慮到這兩個詞的口語色彩，我們不妨把gazump譯成“（賣方）變卦抬價”，把gazunder譯成“（買方）變卦壓價”。
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